I thought I'd start a new thread where we look at the doctrine of the Holy Spirit as the third member of the Trinity. I'm not talking about creating a theological treatise (as eyes begin to glaze over), but maybe we can explore this subject for a while and learn a little something in the process.
First things first, before we can start talking about the Holy Spirit as a member of the Trinity, we must first establish the Divinity of the Holy Spirit. In terms of direct Biblical 'proof', the Divinity of the Holy Spirit is only hinted at, particularly in the New Testament. Here’s what fourth century bishop Gregory of Nazianzus had to say about the matter:
"The Old Testament preached the Father openly and the Son more obscurely. The New Testament revealed the Son, and hinted at the divinity of the Holy Spirit."
Truthfully, the early Church didn’t really turn its attention to the Divinity of the Holy Spirit until the Divinity of Christ had been fully meted out. With this in mind, Gregory continues:
"It was not proper to preach the Son openly, while the divinity of the Father had not yet been admitted. Nor was it proper to accept the Holy Spirit before (the Divinity of) the Son had been acknowledged..."
This may help to explain why the Divinity of Holy Spirit wasn’t really dealt with (corporately) until the First Council of Constantinople in 381 AD. Yet, for me at least, the Divinity of the Holy Spirit is a theological slam dunk. I believe it is relatively easy to prove.
First off, the Holy Spirit does things only God can do. For example, the Holy Spirit has creative ability – as show by His direct involvement in Salvation and Regeneration (John 3:5,8; Titus 3:5). At the moment of Justification, the Holy Spirit literally raises the convert from Spiritual death (Romans 6:3-5). Further, the Breath of God (synonymous with the Spirit of God) is shown to be life-giving in Genesis 2:7 and Ezekiel 37:9-10. The Holy Spirit is also responsible for the creative work of Sanctification (2 Thessalonians 2:13, Romans 15:16), whereby the Christian is transformed into the likeness of Christ Himself. Finally, Mary was found to be with Child through the Holy Spirit. Thus we can see that the Holy Spirit is imbued with all of the creative power of the Godhead.
The Holy Spirit is also a well-spring of Divine Revelation (John 14:26, Acts 1:8, 2 Peter 1:21, Mark 12:36, Luke 1:67). 1 Timothy 3:16 tells us that all Scripture is God-breathed (theopneustos) thereby intimating the Holy Spirit as the inspirational force behind the Scriptures. Just as Christ was the incarnate Word, the Holy Spirit inspired man to record the actual written Word of God. (This is a strong argument for the authority of Scriptures.) In Protestant theology, the Holy Spirit is often viewed as the entity which draws man to God, and the still-small voice that keeps the Christian from going astray. This helps to illuminate why Jesus said, but whoever speaks against the Holy Spirit, it shall not be forgiven him, either in this age or in the age to come. Finally, the Holy Spirit dwells in the Temple of all believers, the Church of Jesus Christ, and in Scripture the only person who dwells in the Temple is God Himself.