God's Purpose for Israel
by 3am
I believe that the heart of all misunderstanding concering Israel can be found in the understanding of God's Covenants. This is a topic so broad and deep that volumes can be written on it. And it is deserving of more that bantering back and forth trying to prove one point and disprove another. I certainly do not profess to be able to do much more than simply scratch the surface in this post. However, since it is so important and central to all of the discussions on this board, I would hope that we can prayerfully and respectfully, as brothers and sisters in Christ use this paper as a spring board to discuss the topic in a Christian way for it's merits or weaknesses avoiding any personal attacks, judging motives put downs (myself included, unfortunately, I have been guilty). That is my prayer before I clicked the "Post New Topic" button.
God's Purpose for Israel is found in His Covenant with her.
The basic covenant God made with Abraham:
"I will make you into a great nation
and I will bless you; I will make your name great, and you will be a blessing.
3 I will bless those who bless you, and whoever curses you I will curse; and all peoples on earth will be blessed through you (Gen 12:2,3)."
The basic purpose of God's original covenant with Abraham was to bless all people on earth.
Paul actually revealed that this was God's announcement of the Gospel to the Gentiles in Gal 3:8.
Israel was to function as a channel for God's universal purpose of salvation.
Every interpretation of Israel's covenant with God must be viewed through the lens of the covenant purpose for Israel.
Even when God added the law, 1000 years after the covenant with Abraham, it did not change this basic covenant.
The promises were spoken to Abraham and to his seed. The Scripture does not say “and to seeds,” meaning many people, but “and to your seed,” meaning one person, who is Christ. 17 What I mean is this: The law, introduced 430 years later, does not set aside the covenant previously established by God and thus do away with the promise (Ga 3:16-17).
It was at Mt. Sinai, after the exodus experience that God made His covenant with national Israel to include them in the Abrahamic covenant.
Now if you obey me fully and keep my covenant, then out of all nations you will be my treasured possession. Although the whole earth is mine, 6 you will be for me a kingdom of priests and a holy nation.’ These are the words you are to speak to the Israelites.” (Ex 19:5-6).
The "holy nation" and "kingdom of priests" confirms Israel's universal purpose of salvation which was a part of the Abrahamic covenant. She was called to be a holy nation, holy to God, as a priestly nation for God, among the nations. Israel's holy nation status means her particular ethnic and geographic promises are subordinated to the purpose of saving mankind and not relegated to a different and independent goal.
David's prayer for his son, king Solomon hundreds of years later:
May his name endure forever; may it continue as long as the sun. All nations will be blessed through him, and they will call him blessed (Ps 72:17). It was in this sense that Solomon was a type of Christ. Solomon as well as every other king failed miserably in this goal. Only through King Jesus will David's prayer ever be answered.
After Israel had been dispersed from the land and taken captive, the prophets echoed the same universal purpose for Israel's election
“If you will return, O Israel, return to me,” declares the Lord. “If you put your detestable idols out of my sight and no longer go astray, 2 and if in a truthful, just and righteous way you swear, ‘As surely as the Lord lives,’ then the nations will be blessed by him and in him they will glory.” (Je 4:1-2).
“It is too small a thing for you to be my servant to restore the tribes of Jacob and bring back those of Israel I have kept. I will also make you a light for the Gentiles, that you may bring my salvation to the ends of the earth.” (Is 49:6).
Jesus Himself confirms that "Salvation is from the Jews." (John 4:22)
Isaiah saw God's plan of universal blessing and peace by means of Israel's election, brought to fruition in his prophecy for the "last days;"
"In the last days the mountain of the Lord’s temple will be established as chief among the mountains; it will be raised above the hills, and all nations will stream to it. 3 Many peoples will come and say, “Come, let us go up to the mountain of the Lord, to the house of the God of Jacob. He will teach us his ways, so that we may walk in his paths.” The law will go out from Zion, the word of the Lord from Jerusalem. 4 He will judge between the nations and will settle disputes for many peoples. They will beat their swords into plowshares and their spears into pruning hooks. Nation will not take up sword against nation, nor will they train for war anymore (Is 2:2-4).
This prediction does not in the least eliminate or diminish the moral condition of loving obedience to God and His law.
In the name of God, Jeremiah confronted a backsliding Israel in Jeusalem with the original condition: I gave them this command: Obey me, and I will be your God and you will be my people. Walk in all the ways I command you, that it may go well with you (Je 7:23).
Israel's election did not imply the rejection of the other nations, but rather their inclusion. Israel was not chosen for their own salvation, but to lead the whole world to share in her saving knowledge and blessing.
In short, Israel was chosen to represent the attractive character and saving will of the Lord to the Gentiles.
H. H. Rowley captured it beautifully,
The purpose of the election is service, and when the service is withheld the election loses its meaning, and therefore fails...If Israel ceased to acknowledge Yahweh to be her God, then she declared that she no longer wished to be His people. This is well brought out in Jeremiah's parable of the potter (Jer 18:1f). The vessel that fails to realize the intention fo the potter is refashioned into another vessel... Her high calling to be the Chosen People was not the mark of the Divine indulgence or favoritism, but a summons to a task exacting and unceasing, and election and task were so closely bound together that she could not have the one without the other." H. H. Rowley, The Biblical doctrine of Election, pp 52, 51, 59.
Conditional Element of Israel's Covenant
As Rowley mentioned above, Jeremiah clarified the conditional nature of Israel's original covenant made with God at Mt Sinai;
Now if you obey me fully and keep my covenant, then out of all nations you will be my treasured possession.... a holy nation. (Ex 19:5-6).
Obedience to God was a condition from the beginning for national Israel to be included in the Abrahamic covenant.
Jeremiah was simply reviewing that condition in Chapter 18, showing it was still valid.
Finally Isaiah brings us to the climax of Israel's mission in the four prophetic "Songs concerning the Servant of the Lord." (Isaiah 42:1-4; 49:1-6; 50:4-9; and 52:13 - 53:12). For the sake of saving space, I will not include full text of the passages here. However, I would hope that those who are sincerely looking to understand the real mission of Israel, would read each one. You will be blessed.
The Servant stands for both the collective Israel (49:3) and the individual representative Israelite in whom the people of Israel were embodied. Israel as a whole was called to be a collective missionary community of individuals who would channel God's blessing of salvation to the gentiles. But ultimately, only one would prove to fulfill Israel's mission as Isaiah had outlined.
The Servant would serve the Lord, not only in spreading the knowledge of the true God to the ends of the earth (Isa 42:1-4) but also serve God in gathering Israel back to God (49:5, 6) along with the Gentiles.
Now read Isaiah 52:13- 53:12).
Can there be any doubt that Jesus is the fulfillment of Isaiah's Servant?
Just in case there is lingering doubt, Matthew confirms it in Matt 8:17.
This is so profound. By now it should be becoming clear, that only one person could ever be the Servant, Jesus Christ our Lord. He is the only one who could fulfill both the national mission and Individual mission of Israel and Israelites.
It is no accident or coincidence that the king in Israel is called the "son" of God (Psalm 2:6, 7), while Hosea also calls the nation of Israel "son" of God, "When Israel was a child, I loved him, and out of Egypt I called my son (Ho 11:1). This is a common Hebrew concept of "corporate personality."
The nation Israel was to be a missionary nation to Serve the world by sharing God's Salvation.
"The Servant" is called Israel (Isaiah 49:1).
But "The Servant." is a type of Christ.
Christ would be the only one to fullfill Israel's mission.
Is Christ the new covenant Israel (Isaiah 49:1)?