PREFACE
Falsification is an important principle in science because it is very useful in eliminating pseudoscience from science and shifting paradigms in the scientific community.
Here is a portion of a essay written on the topic that I recommend written by the philosopher of science Karl Popper:
http://www.stephenjaygould.org/ctrl/popper...sification.html
(I do not necessarily agree with all that this site says but I do agree with the inofrmation at the URL I cited above)
Now when a number of anomalies or even a very series anomalies challenge some scientists views or the scientific consensus of course this can point to scientists believing something that is not at all valid.
ANOMALIES AND THE MACROEVOLUTIONARY VIEW
Here are some anomolies which challenge the views of some evolutionary scientists:
ANTARCTICA
New Scientist regarding Antarctica:
http://www.geocities.com/aleph135/antarctic20.html
EXCTINCTION OF THE MAMMOTHS
http://www.geocities.com/aleph135/mammoths17.html
CREATIONISTS ON THE MAMMOTHS
Here is an creationist explanation for the ice age and mammoths:
http://www.answersingenesis.org/creation/v22/i2/mammoth.asp
http://www.answersingenesis.org/home/area/faq/mammoth.asp
WILLIAM CORLISS AND GEOLOGICAL ANOMOLIES
I have read that William R. Corliss is a non-creationist who has spent considerable time searching for scientific anomolies:
Here is a brief biography of Mr. Corliss:
QUOTE
Science Frontiers and the Catalog of Anomalies are produced by William R. Corliss. Corliss has degrees in physics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (B.S., 1950) and the University of Colorado (M.S., 1953). He is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and the Society for Scientific Exploration. He resides in Glen Arm, Maryland, USA, where the Sourcebook Project is headquartered.
taken from: http://www.science-frontiers.com/
taken from: http://www.science-frontiers.com/
Here is a purported quote from William Corliss:
QUOTE
"Potentially more important to geological thinking are those unconformities that signal large chunks of geological history are missing, even though the strata on either side of the unconformity are perfectly parallel and show no evidence of erosion. Did millions of years fly by with no discernible effect? A possible though controversial inference is that our geological clocks and stratigraphic concepts need working on." William R. Corliss, Unknown Earth (Glen Arm, Maryland: The Sourcebook Project, 1980), p. 219.
taken from: http://www.cs.unc.edu/~plaisted/ce/flood.html
taken from: http://www.cs.unc.edu/~plaisted/ce/flood.html
Here is what New Scientist said about Mr. Corliss:
QUOTE
"All I can say to Corliss is carry on cataloging". New Scientist
taken from: http://www.science-frontiers.com/sourcebk.htm
taken from: http://www.science-frontiers.com/sourcebk.htm
I am particularly interested in the following two books if anyone wishes to do any research:
1. Anomalies in Geology: Physical, Chemical, Biological by William Corliss
Here is an overview of this book:
QUOTE
Typical subjects covered:
Biological extinction events * Musical sands, ringing rocks * Anomalies of oil's origin * Ice caves, frozen wells * Natural fission reactors * Marine organisms and fossils found far inland * Siberia's frozen mammoths * Radiometric dating problems * Anchor ice, frazil ice * Violent lake turnovers * Flexible rocks * Origin of ocean water * Skipping in fossil record * Valleys of death * Prismatic sandstone from Missouri
335 pages, hardcover, $18.95, 55 illustrations, 5 indexes, 1989. 1260 references, LC 89-90680, ISBN 915554-23-2, 7x10 format.
taken from: http://www.science-frontiers.com/sourcebk.htm
Biological extinction events * Musical sands, ringing rocks * Anomalies of oil's origin * Ice caves, frozen wells * Natural fission reactors * Marine organisms and fossils found far inland * Siberia's frozen mammoths * Radiometric dating problems * Anchor ice, frazil ice * Violent lake turnovers * Flexible rocks * Origin of ocean water * Skipping in fossil record * Valleys of death * Prismatic sandstone from Missouri
335 pages, hardcover, $18.95, 55 illustrations, 5 indexes, 1989. 1260 references, LC 89-90680, ISBN 915554-23-2, 7x10 format.
taken from: http://www.science-frontiers.com/sourcebk.htm
2. Neglected Geological Anomalies by William Corliss (1990), (Glen Arm, MD: The Sourcebook Project).
Here is an overview:
QUOTE
Neglected but far from insignificant are the anomalies cataloged here....
Typical subjects covered:
Concretions and geodes * Tektites and microtektites * Erratic boulders and gravels * Polystrate fossils * Bone caves and bone beds * Giant basalt flows * Natural glasses * Surging glaciers * Driftless regions * Stretched pebbles * Crystal inclusions * Rarity of fossil meteorites and tektites * Elevated erratics * Stone rivers and rock glaciers
333 pages, hardcover, $18.95, 80 illustrations, 5 indexes, 1990. 1030 references, LC 90-60568, ISBN 915554-24-0, 7x10 format
taken from: http://www.science-frontiers.com/sourcebk.htm
Typical subjects covered:
Concretions and geodes * Tektites and microtektites * Erratic boulders and gravels * Polystrate fossils * Bone caves and bone beds * Giant basalt flows * Natural glasses * Surging glaciers * Driftless regions * Stretched pebbles * Crystal inclusions * Rarity of fossil meteorites and tektites * Elevated erratics * Stone rivers and rock glaciers
333 pages, hardcover, $18.95, 80 illustrations, 5 indexes, 1990. 1030 references, LC 90-60568, ISBN 915554-24-0, 7x10 format
taken from: http://www.science-frontiers.com/sourcebk.htm
ADDENDUM
I thought I would add this information which I believe highlights that the creationism makes a more compelling case:
QUOTE
SINUOUS, MEANDERING RIVERS AT CANYON BOTTOMS
"The canyons in these plateau regions present another mystery, for which uniformitarian explanations have proved inadequate. Many of them are strongly sinuous and meandering in their courses, looking very much like the typically meandering mature rivers winding across alluvial plains, except that the canyons are hundreds of feet deep and the meander patterns are even sharper than in alluvial rivers. These are called incised [carved] or entrenched [eroded downward], meanders, in view of their presumed 'entrenchment' in the regional bedrocks during the process of uplifting. That is, it is supposed [by evolutionists] that the entire area was once near sea level, with an alluvial blanket [of sediment] on its surface. [Evolutionists go on to say that] On this surface flowed typical alluvial rivers with typical meandering patterns.
Then, according to the [evolutionists'] theory, the process of regional uplift was initiated. The rivers, which before had been eroding laterally, now began to erode vertically, but in the process maintained their same meandering course, thus incising the pattern deep into the rocks of the plateau.
Much study has been devoted to the subject of the mechanics of meandering rivers, since it involves engineering problems of considerable importance [for the defense of the evolutionary models]. In particular, extensive model tests have demonstrated that the phenomenon of meandering is associated only with non-resistant banks...
[Ref: Joseph F. Friedkin: 'A Laboratory Study of the Meanderings of Alluvial Rivers' (Vicksburg, U.S. Wa@ays Ecperiment Station, Mississippi River Commission, 1945)]
...If the bed is subject to down-cutting at all, it will be eroded rather than the banks, since the greatest tractive [= drawing, pulling, adhesive friction] stresses are directed along the bed rather than at the sides of a stream. A stream which is degrading its bed tends to straighten its course, with sharp-radius bends being eliminated by 'cut-offs.'...
[So water tends to erode river bottoms first - straightening the river's course until the river bottom becomes relatively resistent to erosion, THEN the water tends to cut laterally into the sides of the river forming a meandering course whenever the banks are soft and susceptible to erosion. But the problem with claiming that canyons are caused by years of erosion is that there are innumerable and highly winding deep canyon rivers which have always had extremely resistant river banks - these banks being composed of solid rock all the way down! Thus, how the courses of these deep canyon rivers got to be so winding cannot be explained by the uniformitarian principles of years and years of erosion. Picture an immensely large flat area - a plain covering thousands of square miles, completely covered with water. This immense plain is then uplifted by unimaginably great underground forces causing the water to rush off with immense force, taking with it loosely packed sediment deposits wherever it flowed. This sudden and massive draining away of an immense amount of the loosely packed sediment left behind a newly formed canyon of hard rock with erosion resistant, winding canyon sides and a meandering river at the bottom. On a smaller scale, picture a slope of loosely packed dirt which is heavily rained upon. After the rain there remains many miniature canyon shaped grooves carved into that slope where streams of water tore away the loosely packed dirt. Some areas of the slope remain untouched while others have deep grooves worn into them shaped similarly to a canyon - some having straight courses, some meandering]:
..This would happen [the causing of a meandering river course], in fact, even before the alluvial blanket [the blanket of loosely deposited sediment] was eliminated and, certainly, no substantial amount of lateral shifting could be initiated once the stream had cut down into bedrock. Intense meandering, when slopes and velocities are high, would require that the bed rock be extremely resistant to erosion, so that excess energy could be dissipated in no other way than by lateral cutting. But if this be so, then the deep meandering gorges could never be cut... [Underlining mine]
..The familiar meandering pattern of streams in alluvial valleys primarily results from a small stream gradient, inhibiting further down-cutting, and weak banks, permitting side-cutting by local curvilinear water motions. Occasionally, however, strong meander patterns are found in valleys of steep gradients and strong rock banks, such as in the San Juan River in Colorado... ...This anomaly is commonly [and falsely] attributed by geologists to a former alluvial blanket [of water deposited sediments] that supposedly once overlaid the rocks and since has been eroded away; the meander pattern is said to have developed in the normal way on the alluvium [water deposited sediments], and then 'entrenched' in the underlying rocks when the region was uplifted. However, such an explanation is highly questionable in terms of known principles of stream mechanics. It would seem that the only way in which such strong lateral cutting could take place simultaneously with down-cutting would be for the banks to be less resistant than the bed, and this implies that most of the meander formation must have taken place when the horizontal beds were still soft and unconsolidated, soon after deposition during the Flood period...
[Underlining mine]
Nevertheless, such incised [carved] meanders are a common phenomenon in uplifted plateau or other mountainous regions. It would seem that some sort of avulsive [flood] origin for them must be postulated. Great systems of vertical fissures might be imagined, which have been widened, deepened, and rounded by subsequent drainage through them. If erosion processes must account for the complete excavations, however, then it would seem necessary to postulate much greater volumes of water in the streams than now present, together with much less resistant walls than the rocks of which they now consist."
[Ergo, we are back to a catastrophic flood of immense, worldwide proportions]
taken from: http://www.biblestudymanuals.net/k31.htm
"The canyons in these plateau regions present another mystery, for which uniformitarian explanations have proved inadequate. Many of them are strongly sinuous and meandering in their courses, looking very much like the typically meandering mature rivers winding across alluvial plains, except that the canyons are hundreds of feet deep and the meander patterns are even sharper than in alluvial rivers. These are called incised [carved] or entrenched [eroded downward], meanders, in view of their presumed 'entrenchment' in the regional bedrocks during the process of uplifting. That is, it is supposed [by evolutionists] that the entire area was once near sea level, with an alluvial blanket [of sediment] on its surface. [Evolutionists go on to say that] On this surface flowed typical alluvial rivers with typical meandering patterns.
Then, according to the [evolutionists'] theory, the process of regional uplift was initiated. The rivers, which before had been eroding laterally, now began to erode vertically, but in the process maintained their same meandering course, thus incising the pattern deep into the rocks of the plateau.
Much study has been devoted to the subject of the mechanics of meandering rivers, since it involves engineering problems of considerable importance [for the defense of the evolutionary models]. In particular, extensive model tests have demonstrated that the phenomenon of meandering is associated only with non-resistant banks...
[Ref: Joseph F. Friedkin: 'A Laboratory Study of the Meanderings of Alluvial Rivers' (Vicksburg, U.S. Wa@ays Ecperiment Station, Mississippi River Commission, 1945)]
...If the bed is subject to down-cutting at all, it will be eroded rather than the banks, since the greatest tractive [= drawing, pulling, adhesive friction] stresses are directed along the bed rather than at the sides of a stream. A stream which is degrading its bed tends to straighten its course, with sharp-radius bends being eliminated by 'cut-offs.'...
[So water tends to erode river bottoms first - straightening the river's course until the river bottom becomes relatively resistent to erosion, THEN the water tends to cut laterally into the sides of the river forming a meandering course whenever the banks are soft and susceptible to erosion. But the problem with claiming that canyons are caused by years of erosion is that there are innumerable and highly winding deep canyon rivers which have always had extremely resistant river banks - these banks being composed of solid rock all the way down! Thus, how the courses of these deep canyon rivers got to be so winding cannot be explained by the uniformitarian principles of years and years of erosion. Picture an immensely large flat area - a plain covering thousands of square miles, completely covered with water. This immense plain is then uplifted by unimaginably great underground forces causing the water to rush off with immense force, taking with it loosely packed sediment deposits wherever it flowed. This sudden and massive draining away of an immense amount of the loosely packed sediment left behind a newly formed canyon of hard rock with erosion resistant, winding canyon sides and a meandering river at the bottom. On a smaller scale, picture a slope of loosely packed dirt which is heavily rained upon. After the rain there remains many miniature canyon shaped grooves carved into that slope where streams of water tore away the loosely packed dirt. Some areas of the slope remain untouched while others have deep grooves worn into them shaped similarly to a canyon - some having straight courses, some meandering]:
..This would happen [the causing of a meandering river course], in fact, even before the alluvial blanket [the blanket of loosely deposited sediment] was eliminated and, certainly, no substantial amount of lateral shifting could be initiated once the stream had cut down into bedrock. Intense meandering, when slopes and velocities are high, would require that the bed rock be extremely resistant to erosion, so that excess energy could be dissipated in no other way than by lateral cutting. But if this be so, then the deep meandering gorges could never be cut... [Underlining mine]
..The familiar meandering pattern of streams in alluvial valleys primarily results from a small stream gradient, inhibiting further down-cutting, and weak banks, permitting side-cutting by local curvilinear water motions. Occasionally, however, strong meander patterns are found in valleys of steep gradients and strong rock banks, such as in the San Juan River in Colorado... ...This anomaly is commonly [and falsely] attributed by geologists to a former alluvial blanket [of water deposited sediments] that supposedly once overlaid the rocks and since has been eroded away; the meander pattern is said to have developed in the normal way on the alluvium [water deposited sediments], and then 'entrenched' in the underlying rocks when the region was uplifted. However, such an explanation is highly questionable in terms of known principles of stream mechanics. It would seem that the only way in which such strong lateral cutting could take place simultaneously with down-cutting would be for the banks to be less resistant than the bed, and this implies that most of the meander formation must have taken place when the horizontal beds were still soft and unconsolidated, soon after deposition during the Flood period...
[Underlining mine]
Nevertheless, such incised [carved] meanders are a common phenomenon in uplifted plateau or other mountainous regions. It would seem that some sort of avulsive [flood] origin for them must be postulated. Great systems of vertical fissures might be imagined, which have been widened, deepened, and rounded by subsequent drainage through them. If erosion processes must account for the complete excavations, however, then it would seem necessary to postulate much greater volumes of water in the streams than now present, together with much less resistant walls than the rocks of which they now consist."
[Ergo, we are back to a catastrophic flood of immense, worldwide proportions]
taken from: http://www.biblestudymanuals.net/k31.htm
Here is another resource regarding meandering rivers from a creationist perspective and it has to do with the speed of meandering rivers:
http://www.wordsight.org/links/sci/001_flood-evidence.htm
I have not read Morris's book yet although I do intend to shortly. But here is what one person wrote:
QUOTE
Has anyone a creditable long age explanation for two thousand foot deep entrenched river meanders in hard rock?(flood geology does!).......
Henry Morris covers the hydrology problems of entrenched meanders in his book "The Genesis Flood"--it involves lateral versus downward erosion rates as a function of rock resistance.Of course meanders are common and constantly form in soft sediments--ie Miss.river types.
Although evolution believers ignore or scoff at Morris,his credentials as Civil Engineer,educator,and river hydraulics/erosion textbook author are worthy of respect.
27 Posted on 03/28/2001 05:19:34 PST by IGNATIUS
taken from: http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3ac1a5570272.htm
Henry Morris covers the hydrology problems of entrenched meanders in his book "The Genesis Flood"--it involves lateral versus downward erosion rates as a function of rock resistance.Of course meanders are common and constantly form in soft sediments--ie Miss.river types.
Although evolution believers ignore or scoff at Morris,his credentials as Civil Engineer,educator,and river hydraulics/erosion textbook author are worthy of respect.
27 Posted on 03/28/2001 05:19:34 PST by IGNATIUS
taken from: http://www.freerepublic.com/forum/a3ac1a5570272.htm